{"id":200906,"date":"2024-12-17T12:26:52","date_gmt":"2024-12-17T12:26:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/?p=200906"},"modified":"2024-12-17T15:59:17","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T15:59:17","slug":"from-cash-to-bonds-a-strategic-shift-in-post-pandemic-investing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.eu\/campus\/traders-insight\/from-cash-to-bonds-a-strategic-shift-in-post-pandemic-investing\/","title":{"rendered":"From Cash to Bonds: A Strategic Shift in Post-Pandemic Investing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Originally Posted, 16 Dec 2024 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pimco.com\/eu\/en\/insights\/from-cash-to-bonds-a-strategic-shift-in-post-pandemic-investing\">From Cash to Bonds: A Strategic Shift in Post-Pandemic Investing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As cash yields dwindle, the case for fixed income becomes increasingly compelling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As post-pandemic disruptions to markets and economies recede, long-term trends are reasserting themselves. One key signal that markets are returning to historical patterns appeared in November, when a common yield measure on the Bloomberg US Aggregate Index climbed above the Federal Reserve policy rate for the first time in more than a year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s difficult to overstate how extraordinary it was to have a benchmark bond yield running below \u2013 sometimes well below \u2013 the federal funds rate for such an extended period. Prior to the pandemic, this had only happened four times in this century, and never for more than a few weeks at a stretch (see Figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-figure-1-benchmark-bond-index-yield-once-again-exceeds-fed-s-policy-rate\">Figure 1: Benchmark bond index yield once again exceeds Fed\u2019s policy rate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1100\" height=\"637\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig1_6566908-1100x637.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-200907 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig1_6566908-1100x637.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig1_6566908-700x405.jpg 700w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig1_6566908-300x174.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig1_6566908-768x445.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig1_6566908-1536x889.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig1_6566908-2048x1186.jpg 2048w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1100px; aspect-ratio: 1100\/637;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pimco.com\/eu\/en\/-\/media\/global-assets\/insights\/economic-and-market-commentary\/general\/2024\/12\/pimco_economic_and_market_commentary_clarida_mittal_dec2024_fig1_6566908.ashx?h=1482&amp;w=2560&amp;la=en-150&amp;hash=73B3F6D10AE6A448999C9259DBB79C38\" alt=\"\"><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source: U.S. Federal Reserve and Bloomberg as of 29 November 2024. Data shown are the Bloomberg US Aggregate Index yield to worst (LBUSYW) and the effective fed funds rate (EFFR). <strong>&#8211; Past performance is not indicative of future results.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This prolonged reversal in the usual market trend reflected not only the Fed\u2019s restrictive policy, but also investors\u2019 response to the extreme inflation spike and other consequences of the pandemic. Many investors retreated into cash \u2013 which offered yields not seen in decades along with perceived safety \u2013 and stayed there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-changed-circumstances\">Changed circumstances<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two years later, the market landscape has transformed. Now that the Fed has embarked on a rate-cutting path, over-allocating in cash creates reinvestment risk as the assets rapidly and repeatedly turn over into lower-yielding versions of themselves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, we witnessed a profound shift higher in bond yields from pandemic-era lows. Relative to cash, where yields are dwindling as interest rates drop, bonds offer a more compelling opportunity: Consider the same core bond index yield measured against another common proxy for cash, the yield on the 3-month U.S. Treasury (see Figure 2). Both cash and bonds offered attractive yields over the past two years, but cash investors by nature can\u2019t lock in those yields for longer time periods \u2013 and since September, when the Fed cut its policy rate by 50&nbsp;basis points (bps), the outlook for cash yields relative to core bonds has diminished sharply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-figure-2-u-s-core-bonds-outyielding-cash-equivalents\">Figure 2: U.S. core bonds outyielding cash equivalents<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1100\" height=\"619\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig2_6566680-1100x619.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-200908 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig2_6566680-1100x619.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig2_6566680-700x394.jpg 700w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig2_6566680-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig2_6566680-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig2_6566680-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig2_6566680-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1100px; aspect-ratio: 1100\/619;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pimco.com\/eu\/en\/-\/media\/global-assets\/insights\/economic-and-market-commentary\/general\/2024\/12\/pimco_economic_and_market_commentary_clarida_mittal_dec2024_fig2_6566680.ashx?h=1440&amp;w=2560&amp;la=en-150&amp;hash=5E24265C4C2900D09D11474CE1108D37\" alt=\"\"><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source: Bloomberg data as of 6 December 2024. Bond yields are represented by yield to worst on the Bloomberg US Aggregate Index (LBUSYW); cash yields are represented by the 3-month U.S. Treasury yield. <strong>&#8211; Past performance is not indicative of future results.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Fed\u2019s trajectory is not a foregone conclusion, and indeed we may see some upward revisions in officials\u2019 rate projections following the December meeting, but the data and the communications to date suggest the most likely scenario is one of gradually lower rates. The Fed is looking to secure a soft landing for the U.S. economy \u2013 with labor markets healthy and inflation near target \u2013 and it has flexibility to pursue its goals despite expected or unexpected obstacles (e.g., trade policy, geopolitics, price surprises). This rate environment is highly favorable for bonds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bonds-for-the-long-run\">Bonds for the long run<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Based on current relative valuations and market conditions, we believe there is compelling value in high quality, liquid public fixed income. Starting yields are attractive compared with other assets across the risk and liquidity spectrum \u2013 including cash \u2013 and historically, starting yields have been a strong indicator of long-term fixed income performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also, bonds are well-positioned to withstand a range of scenarios outside the baseline. Historically, high quality bonds tend to perform well during soft landings \u2013 and even better in recessions, should that scenario play out instead. Bonds also have performed well historically across a range of different rate-cutting scenarios (like snowflakes, no two monetary cycles are alike) \u2013 see Figure 3. Whether the Fed took a very gradual (\u201chigher-for-longer\u201d) approach, or initiated a drastic drop, or took a downward path somewhere between those extremes, bonds subsequently outyielded cash in each of those historical rate environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-figure-3-bonds-have-outpaced-cash-after-the-fed-initiates-rate-cuts-regardless-of-the-path\">Figure 3: Bonds have outpaced cash after the Fed initiates rate cuts, regardless of the path<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1100\" height=\"619\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig3_6566682-1100x619.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-200909 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig3_6566682-1100x619.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig3_6566682-700x394.jpg 700w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig3_6566682-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig3_6566682-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig3_6566682-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig3_6566682-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1100px; aspect-ratio: 1100\/619;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pimco.com\/eu\/en\/-\/media\/global-assets\/insights\/economic-and-market-commentary\/general\/2024\/12\/pimco_economic_and_market_commentary_clarida_mittal_dec2024_fig3_6566682.ashx?h=1440&amp;w=2560&amp;la=en-150&amp;hash=CBCAA4C84B1CFD98AC910CD7DF6BEB73\" alt=\"\"><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source: Bloomberg data, PIMCO calculations as of 30 September 2024. <strong>For illustrative purposes only. Figure is not indicative of the past or future results of any PIMCO product or strategy. There is no assurance that the stated results will be achieved.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>1<\/sup> Hiking cycles are defined as periods where the Federal Reserve embarks on a sustained path of increasing the target fed funds rate and\/or target range. We define the end of a hiking cycle as the month where the Fed reaches its peak policy rate for that cycle (i.e., it either pauses rate hikes or cuts). Hiking cycles include (start to peak): 1984 (Feb. 1983 to Aug. 1984), 1995 (Jan. 1994 to Feb. 1995), 2006 (May 2004 to Jun 2006). We select three historical case studies to illustrate three very different outcomes for the path of the fed funds rate after rates hit their peak level in each cycle. The 1984 cycle is based on the rate of change given significantly higher starting yields versus today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>2<\/sup> To simulate performance over the next three years, we assume long-end rates follow their historical pattern in each cycle over the next three years. Core fixed income is represented by the Bloomberg US Aggregate Index. 3-month T-bill returns are estimated using the historical monthly changes in the fed funds rate starting from the current level. In the analysis contained herein, PIMCO has outlined hypothetical event scenarios that, in theory, would impact the yield curves as illustrated in this analysis. No representation is being made that these scenarios are likely to occur or that any portfolio is likely to achieve profits, losses, or results similar to those shown. The scenario does not represent all possible outcomes and the analysis does not take into account all aspects of risk. Total returns are estimated by repricing key rate duration replicating portfolios of par-coupon bonds. All scenarios hold option-adjusted spread (OAS) constant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hedge-and-diversify-risk\">Hedge and diversify risk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bond market is effectively paying investors to hedge and diversify risk. Equity markets have a more checkered history with rate-cutting cycles, and indeed generally higher volatility over time \u2013 and we are in a period of heightened geopolitical unrest, along with leadership changes in major economies around the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bonds and equities are negatively correlated today, after moving more in tandem during the post-pandemic inflation shock. A negative stock\/bond correlation amplifies bonds\u2019 potential to be a stable anchor for portfolios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Historical trends also support bonds as an attractive risk hedge. Looking back at bond and equity markets on average since 1973, during periods when U.S. core bonds are yielding around 5% or greater while U.S. equities\u2019 earnings ratios are above 30 \u2013 as they are today \u2013 bonds have offered higher five-year subsequent returns (see Figure 4), and with potentially lower volatility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-figure-4-historically-bonds-at-today-s-yields-have-outpaced-equities-at-today-s-valuations\">Figure 4: Historically, bonds at today\u2019s yields have outpaced equities at today\u2019s valuations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1100\" height=\"619\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig4_6566681-1100x619.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-200910 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig4_6566681-1100x619.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig4_6566681-700x394.jpg 700w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig4_6566681-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig4_6566681-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig4_6566681-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig4_6566681-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1100px; aspect-ratio: 1100\/619;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pimco.com\/eu\/en\/-\/media\/global-assets\/insights\/economic-and-market-commentary\/general\/2024\/12\/pimco_economic_and_market_commentary_clarida_mittal_dec2024_fig4_6566681.ashx?h=1440&amp;w=2560&amp;la=en-150&amp;hash=EA2E84747848E6023DB655A721D3B198\" alt=\"\"><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source: Bloomberg data, PIMCO calculations as of 30 September 2024. <strong>For illustrative purposes only. <\/strong>Chart uses data back to January 1973. Core refers to the Bloomberg US Aggregate Index. CAPE refers to the cyclically adjusted price-to-earnings ratio for the S&amp;P 500. <strong>There can be no guarantee that the trends mentioned above will continue. Statements concerning financial market trends are based on current market conditions, which will fluctuate.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A fixed income allocation offers attractive yields, potential for price appreciation, and a liquid hedge against the risk that equities or other more volatile assets see a sustained contraction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-takeaway\">Takeaway<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Market signals and Fed moves mean that bond yields have turned a corner. The combination of high starting yields and anticipation for lower rates creates an attractive outlook for a wide variety of bonds.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As cash yields dwindle, the case for fixed income becomes increasingly compelling.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1242,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[14,146,12,148,7],"tags":[310,291],"contributors-categories":[441],"class_list":["post-200906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-fixed-income","category-macro","category-securities","category-text-articles","category-traders-insight","tag-bonds","tag-macro","contributors-categories-pimco"],"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.9 (Yoast SEO v28.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>From Cash to Bonds: A Strategic Shift in Post-Pandemic Investing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.eu\/campus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/200906\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From Cash to Bonds: A Strategic Shift in Post-Pandemic Investing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As cash yields dwindle, the case for fixed income becomes increasingly compelling.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.eu\/campus\/traders-insight\/from-cash-to-bonds-a-strategic-shift-in-post-pandemic-investing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IBKR Campus EU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-17T12:26:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-17T15:59:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.eu\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/12\/PIMCO_Economic_and_Market_Commentary_Clarida_Mittal_Dec2024_Fig1_6566908.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1482\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Julian Amorim\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Julian Amorim\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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